Google may have an outstanding of $400m back dated taxes for 2015 in Indonesia.
The country plans to pursue Google's parent company Alphabet for five years of back taxes, meaning the search firm could face a bill of more than $400m for 2015 alone if it is found to have avoided payments, a senior government tax official has said.
Muhammad Hanif, head of the tax office's special cases branch, told Reuters its investigators went to Google's local office in Indonesia on Monday.
The tax office alleges PT Google Indonesia paid less than 0.1% of the total income and value-added taxes it owed last year.
Asked to respond to Hanif's comments, Google Indonesia reiterated a statement made last week in which it said it continues to cooperate with local authorities and has paid all applicable taxes.
If found guilty, Google could have to pay fines of up to four times the amount it owed, bringing the maximum tax bill to 5.5tn rupiah ($418m) for 2015, Hanif said. He declined to provide an estimate for the five-year period.
Most of the revenue generated in the country is booked at Google's Asia Pacific headquarters in Singapore. Google Asia Pacific declined to be audited in June, prompting the tax office to escalate the case into a criminal one, Hanif said.
"Google's argument is that they just did tax planning," Hanif said. "Tax planning is legal, but aggressive tax planning – to the extent that the country where the revenue is made does not get anything – is not legal."
The tax office will summon directors from Google Indonesia who also hold positions at Google Asia Pacific, Hanif said, adding that it is working with the Indonesian police.
Globally, it is rare for a state investigation of corporate tax structures to be escalated into a criminal case.
It normally takes at least three years for an Indonesian court to make a decision on a criminal tax case, said Yustinus Prastowo, executive director of the Center for Indonesia Taxation Analysis.
The tax office is planning to chase back taxes from other companies that deliver content through the internet (over-the-top service providers) in Indonesia, Hanif said.
The Indonesian communication and information ministry is working on a new regulation for OTT providers, and the tax office has proposed that a company with a "network presence" in Indonesia should also be subject to taxation.
Total advertising revenue for the industry is estimated at $830m a year, with Google and Facebook accounting for about 70% of that, according to Hanif.
A joint study by Google and Singapore state investor Temasek released earlier this year, however, estimated the size of Indonesia's digital advertising market at $300m for 2015.
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